A simple guide to residential roof parts

A roof's structural foundation consists of rafters or trusses, large wooden beams that provide strength and support. The ridge beam is where all the rafters meet at the top, similar to the top of a tent. Ceiling joists offer additional support while creating the framework for interior ceilings.

Protective layers begin with roof decking, typically made from plywood or OSB, which serves as the roof's foundation. Underlayment provides a critical waterproof barrier beneath the roofing material, whether shingles, metal sheets, or tiles, protecting homes even when outer materials sustain damage.

Water management systems are essential for preventing costly structural damage. Gutters catch water runoff and direct it into downspouts, which channel water away from the home's foundation. Flashing is a thin metal that goes around chimneys, vents and other places where water might sneak in under your roof material.

Finishing elements include the soffit (underside roof overhang), fascia (vertical boards at roof edges), eaves (roof sections extending beyond walls), and drip edges that direct water into gutters. A roof cricket, a triangular feature against chimneys, helps direct water flow and prevents damage from stagnation.